Typed Context

DocumentContext is an optional, EF-Core-style typed front-end over IDocumentStore. Instead of re-typing <T> and remembering the JsonTypeInfo<T> at every call site, you declare your aggregates once on a partial context and work against discoverable DocumentSet<T> properties. A source generator bundled in the core Shiny.DocumentDb package emits the sets, the configuration lowering, and a DI extension — all compile-time and AOT-clean.

// store-first
var adults = await store.Query<User>().Where(x => x.Age > 18).ToList();
await store.Insert(user, AppJsonContext.Default.User);

// context (this feature) — model-first, JsonTypeInfo threaded for you
var adults = await db.Users.Where(x => x.Age > 18).ToList();
await db.Users.Insert(user);

Note

This is an ergonomics + discoverability layer, not a capability. There is no change tracking, identity map, or navigation/Include — a document store embeds, it does not join. Writes are immediate, exactly like IDocumentStore; group them with a session (store.OpenSession()).

Install

dotnet add package Shiny.DocumentDb

That’s all you need. DocumentContext and DocumentSet<T> are runtime types in the core Shiny.DocumentDb package, and the source generator that emits your sets ships inside that same package (bundled under analyzers/dotnet/cs) — there is no separate generator package to install.

Declare a context

Derive a partial class from DocumentContext and decorate it with [Document(typeof(T))] per aggregate.

[Document(typeof(User),  Id = nameof(User.Email), JsonContext = typeof(AppJsonContext))]
[Document(typeof(Order), Table = "orders",        JsonContext = typeof(AppJsonContext))]
public partial class AppContext : DocumentContext;

[Document] lowers into the same DocumentStoreOptions.Map* calls you’d write by hand:

Property	Effect	Default
Table	Backing table/collection name	TypeNameResolution
Id	Id property name (e.g. nameof(User.Email))	convention (Id)
Set	Generated set property name	pluralized type name (User → Users)
Serialization	How the type’s JsonTypeInfo resolves	Auto
JsonContext	Your JsonSerializerContext for AOT-safe metadata	none

The generator emits the other half of the partial — a DocumentSet<T> per type, a ConfigureModel lowering, and a DI extension:

// <auto-generated/>
partial class AppContext
{
    public AppContext(IDocumentStore store) : base(store) { }   // emitted if you didn't write one

    public DocumentSet<User> Users => /* ... */;
    public DocumentSet<Order> Orders => /* ... */;

    internal static void ConfigureModel(DocumentStoreOptions options) { /* Map* + resolver wiring */ }
}

public static class AppContextRegistration
{
    // Scoped context (ASP.NET Core request scopes)
    public static IServiceCollection AddAppContext(this IServiceCollection services, Action<DocumentStoreOptions> configure);

    // Singleton IDocumentContextFactory<AppContext> (MAUI / Blazor / desktop — no ambient scope)
    public static IServiceCollection AddAppContextFactory(this IServiceCollection services, Action<DocumentStoreOptions> configure);
}

Register & use

DI (scoped)

builder.Services.AddAppContext(o =>
{
    o.DatabaseProvider = new SqliteDatabaseProvider("Data Source=app.db");
    o.UseReflectionFallback = false;   // strict AOT — JsonContext mode carries everything
});

// inject AppContext anywhere (registered scoped, like a DbContext)
public class UserService(AppContext db)
{
    public Task<IReadOnlyList<User>> Adults() => db.Users.Where(u => u.Age >= 18).ToList();
}

Factory (MAUI / Blazor)

// MAUI / Blazor / desktop have no per-request scope. Register a singleton factory and
// create a short-lived context per unit of work — the parallel of EF's IDbContextFactory<T>.
builder.Services.AddAppContextFactory(o =>
{
    o.DatabaseProvider = new SqliteDatabaseProvider($"Data Source={dbPath}");
    o.UseReflectionFallback = false;
});

// inject the factory anywhere — even into a singleton page/view-model
public class UserViewModel(IDocumentContextFactory<AppContext> factory)
{
    public async Task<IReadOnlyList<User>> Adults()
    {
        await using var db = factory.Create();   // owns a child scope + session — await using it
        return await db.Users.Where(u => u.Age >= 18).ToList();
    }
}

Manual

var opts = new DocumentStoreOptions { DatabaseProvider = new SqliteDatabaseProvider("Data Source=app.db") };
AppContext.ConfigureModel(opts);
// the generated constructor takes an IDocumentSession (the context is a unit of work)
await using var db = new AppContext(new DocumentStore(opts).OpenSession());

DocumentContext only needs an IDocumentStore, so it works over any provider — including the ones with their own options type (LiteDB, MongoDB, Cosmos): construct that store yourself and pass it to the context. The generated ConfigureModel / AddAppContext target the relational DocumentStoreOptions.

Picking a registration

Use AddAppContext (scoped) where there’s a natural request scope — ASP.NET Core; the container disposes the context at end of request. Use AddAppContextFactory (singleton IDocumentContextFactory<AppContext>) where there isn’t — MAUI, Blazor, desktop, background services — and create a context per unit of work with factory.Create(). Since v11 a context wraps an IDocumentSession (it is a unit of work), so — exactly like an EF DbContext — it is short-lived, single-flow, not thread-safe, and must be disposed (await using). A factory-created context owns its scope + session; never share one across concurrent flows — create one per flow.

Each context binds to its own store, keyed by the context type, so you can register multiple DocumentContext types in one container without them shadowing each other. The first context registered also becomes the default un-keyed IDocumentStore, which is what the extension packages (AppDataSync, Diagnostics, AI tools, OData, seeding) inject.

Backing a context with an Aspire resource

To point a context’s store at an Aspire-provisioned database — resolving the connection string + provider from AppHost config and wiring health checks + OpenTelemetry — pass builder.AddDocumentContextProvider("name") to the generated AddAppContext / AddAppContextFactory. See Typed DocumentContext on an Aspire resource.

DocumentSet<T>

Each set forwards to the store with its JsonTypeInfo pre-applied:

// queries — return IDocumentQuery<T> as-is, so the full surface is available
IDocumentQuery<User> q = db.Users.Query();
var adults  = await db.Users.Where(u => u.Age >= 18).OrderBy(u => u.Name).ToList();
var alice   = await db.Users.Get("alice@x.com");
var count   = await db.Users.Count();

// immediate writes
await db.Users.Insert(user);
await db.Users.Update(user);
await db.Users.Upsert(patch);
await db.Users.Remove("alice@x.com");

// batch writes (atomic where the provider supports it)
await db.Users.BatchInsert(users);

// the context IS the unit of work — buffer with Add/Update/Upsert/Remove, commit atomically
db.Add(order).Remove<User>("old@x.com");
await db.SaveChanges();

// explicit transaction (relational) — locking reads via the raw session, then commit
await using var tx = await db.BeginTransaction();
var u = await db.Session.Get<User>("u1", LockMode.Update);
db.Update(u);
await db.SaveChanges();   // flushes into the transaction
await tx.Commit();

The typed sets (db.Users.Insert(…)) are immediate; the context’s own Add/Update/Upsert/Remove + SaveChanges are the buffered unit-of-work path. Reach the raw IDocumentSession via db.Session and the root IDocumentStore via db.Store.

Because the set returns the store’s IDocumentQuery<T> unchanged, Select, Paginate, aggregates, and the spatial/vector/full-text terminators all come for free — see Querying.

Worked example — a small order service

End-to-end: two aggregates, a context, both registration styles, and the three ways to write.

// ── models ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
public class User  { public string Id { get; set; } = ""; public string Name { get; set; } = ""; public int Age { get; set; } }
public class Order { public string Id { get; set; } = ""; public string UserId { get; set; } = ""; public decimal Total { get; set; } }

// ── context: one [Document] per aggregate; the generator emits db.Users / db.Orders ──
[Document(typeof(User))]
[Document(typeof(Order))]
public partial class AppDb : DocumentContext;

ASP.NET Core (scoped)

// Program.cs — registered scoped, one context per request
builder.Services.AddAppDb(o =>
    o.DatabaseProvider = new PostgreSqlDatabaseProvider(connectionString));

// inject the context directly — the container disposes it at end of request
app.MapPost("/users", async (User user, AppDb db) =>
{
    await db.Users.Insert(user);                 // immediate
    return Results.Created($"/users/{user.Id}", user);
});

app.MapGet("/users/{id}", async (string id, AppDb db) =>
    await db.Users.Get(id) is { } u ? Results.Ok(u) : Results.NotFound());

MAUI / desktop (factory)

// MauiProgram.cs — no request scope, so use the factory
builder.Services.AddAppDbFactory(o =>
    o.DatabaseProvider = new SqliteDatabaseProvider($"Data Source={dbPath}"));

public class OrdersViewModel(IDocumentContextFactory<AppDb> dbf)
{
    public async Task<IReadOnlyList<Order>> Recent()
    {
        await using var db = dbf.Create();       // one context per unit of work — await using it
        return await db.Orders.Where(o => o.Total >= 100)
                              .OrderByDescending(o => o.Total)
                              .Paginate(0, 20)
                              .ToList();
    }
}

// ── the three ways to write ─────────────────────────────────────────────
await using var db = dbf.Create();

// (a) immediate — typed sets commit each call
await db.Users.Insert(new User { Id = "u1", Name = "Allan", Age = 41 });

// (b) unit of work — buffer on the context, commit atomically (all-or-nothing)
db.Add(new Order { Id = "o1", UserId = "u1", Total = 50 })
  .Add(new Order { Id = "o2", UserId = "u1", Total = 75 });
await db.SaveChanges();

// (c) explicit transaction — locking read + grouped writes (relational providers)
await using var tx = await db.BeginTransaction();
var user = await db.Session.Get<User>("u1", LockMode.Update);
user.Age++;
db.Update(user);
await db.SaveChanges();                              // flushes into the transaction (no commit yet)
await tx.Commit();

You want	Use
Read	db.Users.Get(id), db.Users.Where(…).ToList(), db.Users.Count()
Immediate write	db.Users.Insert / Update / Upsert / Remove(…)
Atomic multi-write	db.Add(x).Add(y); await db.SaveChanges();
Transaction / locking / isolation	await using var tx = await db.BeginTransaction(IsolationLevel.Snapshot); … await tx.Commit();
Escape hatch	db.Session (raw IDocumentSession), db.Store (root IDocumentStore)

No change tracking or identity map — a document store embeds, it does not join.

Serialization modes

Serialization chooses how each type’s JsonTypeInfo<T> resolves. AOT is the goal; reflection is the explicit opt-out. See AOT Setup for the full comparison.

Mode	AOT-safe?	Notes
Auto (default)	Yes, if a context is registered	Inherits the store’s resolver, else reflection fallback.
JsonContext	Yes	Point JsonContext = typeof(MyJsonCtx) at your JsonSerializerContext. Recommended for AOT.
Reflection	No	Explicit opt-out for non-AOT apps that won’t maintain a context.
Generated	Yes	The generator emits the metadata-mode JsonTypeInfo for you — AOT-safe with no JsonSerializerContext. Supported subset below.

Generated mode

[Document(typeof(T), Serialization = DocumentSerialization.Generated)] makes the generator emit an IJsonTypeInfoResolver that builds T’s metadata (and its whole reachable type closure) via JsonMetadataServices — the same AOT-safe shape System.Text.Json’s own generator produces — so you get AOT serialization from the single [Document] list, no hand-written JsonSerializerContext.

Supported per-type: a POCO with a public parameterless constructor and settable public properties whose types are JSON primitives, Guid/date-time types, enums, nullable value types, nested supported objects, List<T>, or T[]. [JsonPropertyName] and [JsonIgnore] are honored. Anything outside that subset (records / parameterized constructors, init-only or get-only members, dictionaries, interfaces) raises DDB005 — use JsonContext for those types.

Diagnostics

Id	Meaning
DDB001	A [Document] type is not declared partial.
DDB002	A [Document] type does not derive from DocumentContext.
DDB003	Two [Document] declarations resolve to the same set name — set Set = on one.
DDB005	A Generated type (or something in its closure) is outside the supported subset — use JsonContext.